PHOTO GUN USSR UPGRADE
PHOTO GUN USSR SERIES

These systems were designed in parallel in the late 1970s to early 1980s, with the Msta-S entering service with the Soviet Army in 1989. The 2S19 is the self-propelled version of the towed 2A65 Msta-B artillery gun. 2S19 Msta-S self-propelled artillery gun (photo credit: Parade Kiev ).

2S19 MSTA-S 152 MM SELF-PROPELLED HOWITZER

There are records of the 2S3 being used in at least nine conflicts in 2015, it was used in several countries, including Libya, Syria and Ukraine (ARES, 2016).

PHOTO GUN USSR UPGRADE

All 2S3 weapon systems in Russian service have now been retrofitted with this upgrade (Karpenko, 2009). There have been three upgrades throughout the life of this weapon system, the most important of which is the 2S3M1, introduced into service in 1975-1987. Owing to the similarity in the design of the weapons, the towed D20 and the 2S3 have the same 17,230 m range.

In an indication of just how closely related the 152 and 155 mm designs are, a 155 mm version of the 2S3 was introduced in 2000 (Karpenko, 2009). The main armament is derived from the D-20 towed artillery gun, which has been modified and designated the D-22. It is currently in service with eighteen countries (IISS, XXXX). The 2S3 Akatsiya (вЂAcaciaвЂ™) is a Soviet-designed self-propelled gun that was first developed in the late 1960s, and entered into service with the Soviet Army in 1971 (Shirokorad, 1996). 2S3 Akatsiya self-propelled artillery gun (photo credit: ). The D-20 remains in use in a large number of current and recent conflicts. In addition to the Soviet Union, copies or derivatives have been manufactured by the PeopleвЂ™s Republic of China, Romania, the Former Republic of Yugoslavia and the PeopleвЂ™s Republic of North Korea. Copies, variants, and derivatives of this weapon are currently in service in at least 38 different countries throughout the world (IISS, 2016). One of the most prevalent towed 152 mm artillery pieces is the Soviet-designed M1955 (D-20) gun-howitzer. A D-20 artillery gun (photo credit: Dmitri A. ISIL is reported to have captured 52 of the 155 mm towed artillery systems provided by the US military to the Iraqi Army, although some of these have since been recaptured by Kurdish forces or destroyed by coalition air strikes (Ernst, 2014). Non-state actors such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in Iraq and Syria, have successfully captured artillery guns from conventional military forces and employed these in support of their own aims. 152 mm and 155 mm calibre guns are often considered to be вЂheavy artilleryвЂ™.ДЎ52 mm and 155 mm artillery guns form a staple in nearly all state armed forces of moderate size or larger. The two calibres are broadly similar in capabilities both are able to deliver a projectile of approximately 40 kg to ranges of 17-40 km. The former Warsaw Pact nations selected guns chambered for the 152 mm calibre developed in Russia, while NATO members and other вЂwesternвЂ™ forces chose to adopt the 155 mm calibre, originally developed in France (REF). Modern artillery systems primarily exist to deliver вЂindirect fireвЂ™ onto targets (Dullum et al., 2016).ДЄrtillery guns in 152 mm or 155 mm calibres can be found in the majority of current and recent conflicts that involve at least one regular army, and many that involve primarily non-state actors. Artillery guns can either be towed or self-propelled, and can be armoured or unarmoured. Artillery guns typically operate as a unit, or вЂbatteryвЂ™, and are intended to deliver salvo fire against an area target. not man-portable) of a calibre greater than 57 mm which are designed for indirect fire and capable of hitting targets at a considerable range (Ferguson et al., 2015). In this report, the term вЂartillery gunвЂ™ is used to refer specifically to self-propelled, towed, and emplaced guns (i.e. A boy examines a house damaged by an artillery attack (photo credit: Reuters).ДЄrtillery guns are designed to provide fire support for armour and infantry forces by firing munitions at greater distances than small arms and light weapons.

PHOTO GUN USSR SERIES

It is part of a series of technical studies on explosive weapons undertaken by the GICHD, providing evidence and contributing to the analysis of the final report on Characterisation of Explosive Weapons (GICHD, 2017). This study examines the characteristics, use and effects of heavy artillery.

Photo gun ussr